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The variational problem for fractional Birkhoffian systems and its symmetry and conserved quantity are proposed and studied.Firstly, the fractional Pfaff variational problem in terms of Riemann-Liouville fractional derivatives is proposed, and the fractional Pfaff-Birkhoff-d Alembert principle and the fractional Birkhoff s equations are established.Secondly, two basic formulae for the variation of the fractional action integral are deduced, and the definitions and criteria of fractional Noether symmetric transformations and quasi-symmetric transformations are put forward.