Background: The suicide rate of rural population was 3-fold to 5-fold greater than urban in China.It is necessary to measure and describe the suicide attitudes of rural population accurately in order to put forward some effective preventive interventions.Methods: This study uses data from the Postdoctoral Innovative Projects of Shandong Province in Shandong University that identified 473 informants (404 informants of suicides and their matched controls and 69 themselves of controls) from three countries of Shandong Province.A detailed interview survey was used on the informants included general information, depression and some suicide attitudes questionnaires about suicide reason, suicide knowledge, suicidal behaviour nature and social damage of suicide.Logistic regression models and structural equation model (SEM) were used to identify potential influence factors of suicide attitudes in rural population.Results: Most people showed that it is incomprehensible to commit suicide and the median score was 1.00.There was 71.9% of rural population holding disagree, denial, rejection and discriminating attitudes towards suicide.The vast majorities agreed that individual life had positive meaning to family and nation and could accurately understand the social damage of suicide, of which the median score was 7.00.The relatives suicides were influence factors of suicidal behaviour nature (positive attitudes as reference) and suicide knowledge.The odds ratios were 0.072 (95%C.I.: 0.008~0.674)、 0.058 (95%C.I.: 0.006~0.528)、 0.533 (95%C.I.: 0.326~0.870) respectively.The SEM of suicide attitudes indicated that the personal factors (include age, gender) were important influence factors of suicidal behaviour nature and social damage of suicide.The influence factors of suicide knowledge were external factors (include relative suicides, depression and family finances) and faith factors (include religion, superstitious belief, believing in afterlife).Conclusion: It is undeniable that the rural population is lack of suicide knowledge and some people can not understand the suicidal behaviour nature and social damage of suicide accurately.Some people approve they can solve problems by committing suicide in certain circumstances.The government should strengthen the health education on suicide knowledge and social damage of suicide and correct the misunderstanding of suicidal behaviour nature.It must focus on strengthening health education among the elders and those who experienced relatives suicides in at the same time.