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目前学界对语气词功能的刻画模式可概括为概括模式和分解模式,两种模式都不足以很好地描写语气词功能。本文拟在已有模式的基础上提出语气词的理想化功能模式。具体工作步骤分为以下四个:(一)结合语料分析提出语气词分类的5个形式依据(附着对象、后跟停顿类型、同现要素、连用自由度、隐现自由度)和4个功能依据([+标记性]、[±主观性及其等级]、[±交互主观性及其等级]、[主观性/交互主观性等级]);(二)按照附着对象将语气词分为述题语气词、话题语气词和句法语气词三个一级类别;(三)验证以功能依据;(四)将语气词的功能及其参项组合起来构建出描写语气词功能的分解模式和统一模式。最后据统一模式逐一对语气词进行简单的功能描写以检验其有效性。
At present, the academic models of the modal features of speech can be summarized as the generalization mode and decomposition mode, both modes are not good enough to describe the function of modal particles. Based on the existing models, this paper proposed the idealized mode of mood words. Specific work steps are divided into the following four: (a) combined with the corpus analysis proposed modal particle categorization of the five formal basis (attachment object, followed by the pause type, co-present elements, with the freedom, hidden freedom) and four functional basis [+ Marking], [± Subjectivity and Rank], [± Interactive Subjectivity and Rank], [Subjectivity / Interactive Subjectivity Level]); (2) According to the attachment object, (3) verification is based on the function; (4) the function of the modal particle and its parameters are combined to construct a decomposition model and a unified model of describing the modal particle. Finally, according to the unified model one by one the modal words to conduct a simple functional description to test its effectiveness.