High-resolution thermometry enables the measurements of low heat flux,which is often desirable when investigating nanoscale thermal transport phenomena,such as heat conduction in nanostructures.In this tutorial,I will first review recent development in instrumentations of high-resolution thermometry/calorimetry made in our and other groups,aiming at resolving sub-picoWatt heat current.Then I will show the applications of such instrumentation for measuring thermal conductivity of inorganic and polymeric nanostructures.Finally,I will present our recent progress towards measuring specific heat of individual nanofibers,which is a rarely-measured quantity at individual nanowire level but could provide some important insights.