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C.elegans Argonaute-small-RNA pathways function in epigenetic inheritance.For example,the PIWI Argonaute PRG-1 initiates RNA-induced epigenetic silencing (RNAe),in which silent alleles send trans-silencing signals.Here we describe RNA-induced gene activation,which we term RNAa,in which active alleles send trans-activating signals.RNAa requires the CSR-1 Argonaute both maternally and paternally.