地下建筑物的设计,在五、六十年代是按散体理论进行设计,普遍采用苏联的普氏理论方法,也是近几十年来世界各国沿用的传统方法,这一方法的基本核心是将地下洞室围岩的不稳定坍落体作为地下结构物的一种荷载,并按散粒体的假定来确定这种荷载,这一假定忽略了软岩和硬岩的不同性质和围岩的力学性状差别,因此,即使建筑物建造在坚硬岩石中也采用钢筋混凝土衬砌。以后,通过大量的设计和施工实践,人们发现许多地下建筑物的衬砌,并没有承受荷载,究其原因,就是岩体具有不小的内应力——地应力,形成了岩体自承能力。因此,在近二十年来,地下工程的设计理论和方法出现了较 The design of underground buildings was designed according to the theory of bulk in the 1950s and 1960s and generally adopts the Soviet Platts theory. It is also the traditional method adopted by countries all over the world in recent decades. The basic core of this method is that underground The assumption that the unstable slump of the surrounding rock of a cavern acts as a load on the subsurface structure and is based on the assumption of particulate matter neglects the different properties of soft and hard rock and the mechanical properties of the surrounding rock Therefore, reinforced concrete linings are used even if the building is built in hard rock. After a large number of design and construction practices, many people found that the lining of many underground structures, and did not bear the load, the reason is that the rock mass has no small internal stress - stress, forming a rock self-bearing capacity. Therefore, in the past two decades, the design theory and method of underground engineering have appeared more