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白桐灌区位于河南南阳盆地,在白河与桐河之间,耕地面积约160万亩,灌溉水源是白河上的鸭河口水库。今后如何发挥这个有利的灌溉条件,以便对各种水、旱作物进行合理地灌溉,是本灌区建立大面积旱涝保收农田,使农作物达到稳产高产的一个极其重要的因素。根据南阳地区的气候条件和土壤特性,并且在生产实践中已经证明,适当把一部份早地改为水田,逐渐地发展水稻种植面积,从而提高单位面积产量,是完全适宜和可能的。现在的问题是占比例较大的各种旱作物是否需要进行灌溉以及应该如何进行灌溉?关于这一个问题,目前各方面尚有不同的见解和争论。因此,笔者拟根据现有的试验和调查资料,通过综合分析,对这个问题作一个初步的探讨。一、概况 1.自然条件:白桐灌区是属于亚热带北部边缘向北温带过渡的地区。在冬、春季多受西北方干燥
Bai Tong Irrigation District is located in Nanyang Basin, Henan Province, between the White River and the Tong River. The cultivated area is about 1.6 million mu. The irrigation water source is the Yahekou Reservoir on the Baihe River. In the future, how to exert this favorable irrigation condition in order to rationally irrigate various kinds of water and dry crops is an extremely important factor in establishing a large area of droughts and floods in the irrigated farmland so as to achieve stable and high-yield crops. According to the climatic conditions and soil characteristics in Nanyang area, and in production practice, it has been entirely appropriate and possible to gradually change some of the areas into paddy fields and gradually develop rice acreage so as to increase yield per unit area. Now the question is whether the large proportion of dry crops need irrigation or not and how irrigation should be conducted? There are various opinions and controversies on this issue at present. Therefore, I intend to make a preliminary discussion of this issue through comprehensive analysis according to the existing test and survey data. I. Overview 1. Natural conditions: Baitong irrigation area belongs to the northern subtropical edge of the transition to the north temperate zone. In winter, spring and more by the northwest dry