无论是在起点,还是在终极意义上,教育总应该是引导人向善(good)和向聪明(smart)方向发展的活动。我们把人的这种向善的、不断自我超越的生成过程称之为“人的发展”,把能引起或导致儿童这种发展的一切活动和过程称之为“教育”。 怀特海在抨击当时英国教育制度时说,“由于对人类心理的可悲的无知,有些教育制度就用它自己所造成的无活力的概念重新把人类束缚住了”。对于 Education should always be an activity that guides people toward good and toward smart, both in the beginning and in the ultimate sense. We refer to this generation of human beings as good and constantly self-transcendent as “human development,” and we call “education” all the activities and processes that give rise to or lead to such development of children. Whilst criticizing the British education system of the time, Whitehead said, “Some education systems reinitiate humankind with its own ingenious concept due to the sad ignorance of human psychology.” for