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中枢神经系统的肿瘤,可由几种机制,转移到身体的远隔部位。外科操作是引起肿瘤细胞进入脑血管或静脉窦的最常见的原因。当然,肿瘤细胞也可以自发侵入。其它途径包括肿瘤侵蚀颅骨而致蔓延或经开颅术而致扩散至头皮的血管及淋巴管。还可经神经束膜和硬脑(脊)膜的淋巴管转移。若肿瘤同时存在于各系统和脑内,问题就涉及到原发部位。Weiss曾概述了中枢神经系统肿瘤转移的标准诊断:
Central nervous system tumors, by several mechanisms, transferred to the remote parts of the body. Surgical procedures are the most common cause of tumor cells entering the cerebrovascular or sinus. Of course, tumor cells can spontaneously invade. Other routes include blood vessels and lymphatics that spread to or from the scalp caused by tumors that erode the skull. Also by the nerve bundle and the dural (spinal) membrane lymphatic metastasis. If the tumor is present in both the system and the brain, the problem involves the primary site. Weiss outlined the standard diagnosis of CNS tumor metastasis: