我国水资源总量相对匮乏,且时空分布不均,再加上沿河各地大量引水,造成下游河道季节性或全年断流,使耕地集中的中、下游地区用水更加紧张。为了解决工农业用水问题,自70年代初以来,北方地区大量开发地下水。由于地下水的超采,引起各地区的地下水位大幅度下降,形成多处大面积的地下水位下降漏斗,地面沉降和海水入侵,给工农业生产造成了巨大损失。 Due to the relative lack of water resources in our country and unequal distribution of time and space, a large number of water diversions are introduced along the river, resulting in seasonal or annual cutoff in the lower reaches of the river, resulting in more intense water use in the middle and lower reaches of the concentrated cultivated land. In order to solve the problem of industrial and agricultural water use, groundwater has been greatly developed in the northern region since the early 1970s. Due to the over-exploitation of groundwater, the groundwater level in all areas dropped drastically, resulting in the formation of many large-scale underground water level lowering funnels, land subsidence and seawater intrusion, which caused huge losses to industrial and agricultural production.