According to the current problems of safety management processes in coal mine enterprises, we introduced barrel theory to coal mine safety management, con-structed the closed-loop structure of a coal mine safety management system, and pointed out that efficient safety management lies in three factors: safety quality of all of the staff in coal mine enterprises, weak links in security management systems, and co-operation among departments. After conducting detailed analysis of these three factors, we proposed concrete ways of preventing and controlling potential safety hazards during the process of coal mine production.