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据前贤时哲的研究,18、19世纪西方宪政文化的理论来源,一是洛克、霍布斯等人的社会契约说;二是亚当·斯密斯的自由放任主义;三是洛克、孟德斯鸠的分权制衡学说。在这三方面理论的综合基础上,产生了以个体为本位的宪政文化。其要点有四:一、个人主义即极端尊重个人的思想,它以个人为社会主体,以个人为唯一的实在,社会只是个人所组成的产物,个人是目的,社会只是促使个人人格完成、物质和精神生活圆满的手段。因此,极端尊重个
According to the study of the philosophies and philosophies of the predecessors, the theoretical sources of Western constitutional culture in the 18th and 19th centuries are the social contract theory of Locke and Hobbes; the second is the laissez-faire of Adam Smith; the third is Locke and Montes Dove’s decentralization checks and balances theory. On the basis of these three theories, a constitutional culture based on individualism has emerged. There are four main points: First, individualism is an extreme respect for the individual’s thinking. It takes the individual as the social subject and the individual as the only reality. The society is only the product of the individual. The individual is the goal. The society merely promotes the personal personality to complete. The material And spiritual means of living. Therefore, extreme respect