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MicroRNAs(miRNAs)作为基因表达的关键调控因子，主要通过在转录后调控大量靶信使RNA(messenger RNA，mRNA)的表达，参与大部分生物学过程以及许多疾病的发病机制。miR-132的表达在神经元发育、成熟过程中是必要的。同时，miR-132作为一种最重要的神经相关miRNAs之一，在神经系统和免疫系统之间起到了关键的调节作用。这表明miR-132在多种疾病的病理进程中扮演了重要角色，尤其在神经系统疾病中。miR-132失调可导致神经发育性疾病，退行性疾病，神经感染以及脑卒中等疾病的发生和发展，现就miR-132在神经系统疾病中发挥的作用及机制进行综述。“,”MicroRNAs(miRNAs), as a key regulator of gene expression, are involved in most biological processes and pathogenesis of many diseases by regulating the expression of a large number of target messenger RNA(mRNA) after transcription.The expression of miR-132 is necessary in the development and maturation of neurons.Meanwhile, as one of the most important neural related miRNAs, miR-132 plays a key regulatory role between the nervous system and the immune system.This indicates that miR-132 plays an important role in the pathological process of many diseases, especially in nervous system diseases.The dysregulation of miR-132 can lead to the occurrence and development of neurodevelopmental diseases, degenerative diseases, neural infection, and stroke.This paper reviews the role and mechanism of miR-132 in nervous system diseases.