窖穴是新石器时代遗址中常见的一种文化遗迹,考古发掘或清理时,窖穴内往往填充有灰土,其中夹杂着当时人们废弃的一些生产工具和生活用品。这些废弃后的窖穴,自然成为当时人们倒放垃圾的场所,因此,考古学上也称窖穴为灰坑,考古发掘报告中也常用“H”符号代表灰坑。当然,本文所要研究的窖穴,并不包括考古发掘中的所有灰坑,而仅仅是局限于人工有意识挖掘,形状较为规整,用于储藏物品的窖穴。一些并非人工有意识挖掘,形状不规整,可能是当时人们建筑取土所形成的土坑则不在本文研究之列。正由于 Cellar is a common cultural relic in Neolithic sites. During archeological excavations or cleanup, cellars are often filled with lime and limestone, mixed with some production tools and daily necessities discarded by people at that time. These obsolete cellar pits naturally became places for people to dump garbage at the time. Therefore, the archaeological cellar pit is also called a gray pit, and the “H” symbol is commonly used in archeological excavations to represent the pit. Of course, the pit studied in this paper does not include all the pits in the archeological excavations, but only confined to man-made excavations in a more regular shape for cellar storage. Some are not artificial excavation, irregular shape, it may be that people built soil borrow pit is not included in this article. Just because