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目的调查西藏饮茶型氟中毒病区藏族成人总摄氟量、总摄铝量和经砖茶摄氟量、摄铝量。方法选择西藏昌都县卡若村进行流行病学调查、临床检查。采集主食、副食、饮水、砖茶、茶水(酥油茶)检测含氟量、含铝量,计算人均总摄氟量、总摄铝量和经砖茶摄氟量、摄铝量。结果卡若村成人临床氟骨症检出率55.88%,其中中度检出率35.29%,重度检出率5.88%。饮水含氟量0.10 mg/L、含铝量(0.04±0.01)mg/L;砖茶含氟量(1 139.0±138.7)mg/kg、含铝量(3888.5±474.1)mg/kg;砖茶饮料含氟量(3.68±1.44)mg/L、含铝量(9.31±4.11)mg/L,人均总摄氟量9.97 mg/d,其中经砖茶摄入9.30 mg/d,占总摄入量93.28%;人均总摄铝量41.50 mg/d,其中经砖茶摄入29.25 mg/d,占总摄入量70.48%;居民尿含氟量为(2.66±1.39)mg/L、含铝量为(4.55±3.74)mg/L。结论西藏昌都县卡若村为饮茶型氟中毒重病区,与饮用砖茶含氟量、含铝量较高有关,可能是饮茶型氟铝联合中毒。
Objective To investigate the total fluoride intake of Tibetans in Tibet drinking tea-type fluorosis area, the total amount of aluminum intake, the amount of fluoride taken in brick tea, the amount of aluminum intake. Methods Select Cardo village, Chandu County, Tibet for epidemiological investigation and clinical examination. Acquisition of staple food, non-staple food, drinking water, brick tea, tea (butter tea) detection of fluorine content, aluminum content, calculate the total per capita fluoride intake, total aluminum intake and the amount of fluoride by brick tea, aluminum intake. Results Kari village adult clinical skeletal fluorosis detection rate was 55.88%, of which the detection rate was 35.29% and the detection rate was 5.88%. The content of fluorine in drinking water was 0.10 mg / L, the content of aluminum was 0.04 ± 0.01 mg / L, the content of fluorine in brick tea was 1 139.0 ± 138.7 mg / kg and the content of aluminum was 3888.5 ± 474.1 mg / kg, (3.68 ± 1.44) mg / L, aluminum content (9.31 ± 4.11) mg / L and total per capita fluoride content 9.97 mg / d, among which 9.30 mg / d was absorbed by brick tea, accounting for 93.28% ; The total per capita amount of aluminum intake was 41.50 mg / d, of which 29.25 mg / d was taken in brick tea, accounting for 70.48% of the total intake; the urinary fluorine content of residents was (2.66 ± 1.39) mg / L; the aluminum content was ± 3.74) mg / L. Conclusion Carduo Village, Chandu County, Tibet, is a type of fluorosis with severe drinking of tea, which is related to the content of fluoride and aluminum in drinking brick tea.