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近年来,由于现代科学技术迅猛发展,科学知识急剧增长,发明创造、科学论文、新出图书如排山倒海地涌现,出现了人们形象地称之为的“知识爆炸”。当代的化学正起着急剧的变革,主要特点是从基本上是描述性过渡到推理性的,从主要是定性的过渡到定量的,从主要是宏观的过渡到微观的。这一切都迫切要求中学化学教材和教学来一个巨大的改革。许多国家一方面狠抓教学内容的改革,大大加强了规律性知识,也就是化学基础理论,从而起驾驭一切、举一反三、触类旁通的作用,这就是有人称之为抓知识的“基本结构”。另一方面,把学生的能力、科学方法和科学态度的培养放在极重要的地位,以使他们更好地掌握规律性知识,不但为了学生目前的学习,而且也为了他们在终身教育中受益。近来,本刊收到许多有关中学化学中培养能力方面的稿件。为了交流在中学化学中培养能力的经验,探讨培养能力的途径,本刊自本期起专辟了一个“中学化学教学中怎样培养学生能力”的专题讨论栏,讨论“中学化学教学为什么要培养能力”,“中学化学教学中应培养哪些能力”,“中学化学教学培养能力的途径”,“中学化学教学培养能力的经验”,“中学化学教材应怎样培养学生的能力”等问题。为了使更多老师有发表意见的机会,这个专题讨论栏基本上采取摘要刊登的办法,即从有关来稿中摘录一些对某一个或几个方面的看法或经验,汇编成各期。欢迎广大教师踊跃投稿,来稿要求短小精悍,或只涉及探讨某一方面的问题。
In recent years, due to the rapid development of modern science and technology, scientific knowledge has grown dramatically, inventions, scientific papers, and new books have come to the fore, and people have vividly called the “knowledge explosion.” Contemporary chemistry is undergoing dramatic changes. Its main features are transitions from descriptive to inferential, from qualitative transitions to quantitative ones, and from macroscopic to microscopic transitions. All this urgently requires a tremendous reform in chemistry textbooks and teaching in middle school. On the one hand, many countries pay close attention to the reform of teaching content and greatly strengthen the knowledge of laws, that is, the basic theory of chemistry, and thus play the role of controlling all things, giving an example, giving an analogy. This is what some people call the “basic structure” of knowledge. On the other hand, the cultivation of students’ abilities, scientific methods, and scientific attitudes is of vital importance so that they can better grasp regular knowledge, not only for students’ current learning, but also for them to benefit from life-long education. . Recently, the journal has received many manuscripts on the ability to cultivate middle school chemistry. In order to exchange experience in cultivating ability in middle school chemistry and to explore ways to cultivate abilities, this journal has since this issue created a special discussion forum on “how to cultivate students’ abilities in chemistry teaching in middle schools” to discuss why “teaching in middle school chemistry should be developed. “Competence”, “What Ability to Train in Chemistry Teaching in Middle Schools”, “Methods for Developing Chemistry Teaching Abilities in Middle Schools”, “Experience in Training Chemistry Teaching Abilities in Middle Schools”, “How Secondary School Chemistry Textbooks Can Train Students’ Abilities” and other issues. In order to allow more teachers to have an opportunity to express their views, this panel mainly adopts the method of abstract publication, that is, extracting some opinions or experiences on one or several aspects from the relevant contributions and compiling them into various periods. Teachers are welcome to submit their contributions, and the manuscripts are required to be short-sighted, or involve only one aspect of the problem.