如果说观察是直接获得写作的素材,那么阅读则是间接获得这种材料.作家茅盾在讲观察时说,除了观察外,“同时也要读书”.培养和训练学生对说明文的阅读能力,要指导他们从范文中学习如何抓住事物特征,安排什么样的说明顺序,主要使用什么样的说明方法.如教《向沙漠进军》,要指导他们抓住“沙漠危害——征服的方法”这个总结构;而在说明征服方法时,又是根据它危害所使用的“武器——风和沙”,按“抵御——进攻—— If we say that observation is a direct source of writing material, then reading is indirect access to this material. Writer Mao Dun said in an observation, in addition to observation, “at the same time also to read.” Training and training students to explain the text reading ability, to Instruct them to learn how to grasp the characteristics of things and arrange the order of descriptions from Fan Wenzhong. What are the description methods used mainly? If you teach “to march into the desert”, you must guide them to grasp the “desert of the desert—the method of conquest”. The general structure; and in explaining the methods of conquest, it is based on its use of “weapons - wind and sand”, according to "resistance - attack -