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目的:为了进一步优化老年神经重症患者营养支持方案，分析老年神经重症患者术后血清白蛋白水平变化及影响因素，并探索对预后的影响。方法:采用回顾性队列研究的方法，对上海市第十人民医院2015年5月至2019年9月间的神经重症手术患者的病历资料进行研究。所有患者术后在神经重症病房治疗的天数不少于5 d。术前有严重肝肾功能不全、精神疾病以及病历残缺者不予以纳入研究。将年龄≥65岁的患者作为试验组，年龄<65岁患者作为对照组。采用广义估计方程等模型分析两组间术后白蛋白水平变化趋势的差异及其影响因素，运用自动机器学习探索白蛋白水平、营养方式、年龄、性别、诊断、术前意识水平等因素对患者预后的影响。结果:纳入研究的患者共284例，其中试验组85例，对照组199例，两组间性别、年龄、营养方式占比等基线资料差异无统计学意义。广义估计方程和广义混合相加方程表明，两组患者白蛋白水平均在术后第3天达到最小值，试验组平均水平低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（n P=0.03）；脑出血、急诊手术、术前白蛋白低是其危险因素(n P < 0.05)；静脉补充人血白蛋白可能对试验组患者有不利影响( n P = 0.047)。机器学习模型提示，患者出院时血清白蛋白水平越高，术后1个月预后越好，ROC曲线下面积为0.906，特异度为93.7%，敏感度为67.0%。n 结论:老年神经重症术后患者白蛋白水平变化与年轻人基本一致，术后第3天最低，脑出血、急诊手术、术前低白蛋白患者在术后第3天的白蛋白水平更低，出院时白蛋白的水平越高，患者预后可能越好。“,”Objective:To further optimize the nutritional support program for elderly neurocritical patients, analyze the changes and influencing factors of serum albumin levels in elderly neurocritical patients after surgery, and explore the impact on prognosis.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to investigate the medical records of neurosurgical intensive patients in Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital from May 2015 to September 2019. All the patients were treated for at least 5 days after operation. Patients with severe liver and kidney dysfunction, mental illness and incomplete medical records were not included in the study. Patients aged ≥65 years were included as the experimental group and patients aged <65 years served as the control group. Generalized estimating equation and other models were used to analyze the difference in the trend of albumin level and its influencing factors between the two groups. Automated machine learning was used to explore the influence of factors such as albumin level, nutrition mode, age, sex, diagnosis, preoperative consciousness level on the prognosis of patients.Results:A total of 284 patients were included in the study, including 85 in the experimental group and 199 in the control group. There were no significant differences in baseline data such as sex, age, and proportion of nutritional patterns between the two groups. Generalized estimating equation and generalized mixed additive equation showed that albumin level in both groups reached the minimum on the 3rd day after operation, and the average level in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group (n P=0.03). Cerebral hemorrhage, emergency surgery, and low preoperative albumin were risk factors (n P<0.05); intravenous supplementation of human albumin might have an adverse effect on the experimental group (n P = 0.047). Machine learning models suggested that the higher the serum albumin level at discharge, the better the prognosis at 1 month after surgery. The area under ROC curve was 0.906, the specificity was 93.7%, and the sensitivity was 67.0%.n Conclusions:The changes of albumin level in elderly patients with neurological critical illness after surgery are basically the same as those in young patients, with the lowest albumin level on the 3rd day after surgery, and the albumin levels even lower on the 3rd day after surgery in patients with cerebral hemorrhage, emergency surgery and preoperative low albumin. The higher the albumin level at discharge, the better the prognosis of patients may be.