体外震波碎石术(ESWL)最严重的并发症是肾出血。作者报告ESWL治疗上尿路结石90例,CT诊断肾出血3例(3.3％),其中肾结石2例,输尿管上段结石1例。3例表现有不同程度的腰腹疼痛、恶心呕吐、发热、血尿及急性进行性重度贫血。CT诊断肾被膜下血肿并肾内血肿2例、肾周间隙积液积血1例。肾周解剖学前后肾筋膜之间为肾周间隙,肾筋膜与膜腹,外间为前肾周间隙、与横筋膜间为后肾周间隙,存生理状态下三者互不相通。肾周间隙内有桥状膈膜(bridging septa),分别连结肾筋膜 The most serious complication of extracorporeal shock wave lithotomy (ESWL) is renal bleeding. The authors report 90 cases of upper urinary tract stones treated by ESWL and 3 cases of renal hemorrhage (3.3%) diagnosed by CT, including 2 cases of renal calculus and 1 case of upper ureteral calculi. 3 cases showed varying degrees of lumbar pain, nausea and vomiting, fever, hematuria and acute progressive severe anemia. CT diagnosis of subretinal hematoma and intrarenal hematoma in 2 cases, 1 case of perirenal space effusion. Perivascular anatomy of the renal fascia between the perirenal space, the renal fascia and the film abdomen, outside the anterior perirenal space, and the transverse fascia between the posterior kidney space, save the physiological state of the three unrelated. Peritoneal space within the bridge diaphragm (bridging septa), were connected to the renal fascia