血小板输注及其临床

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近年来,常因使用对骨髓有强烈抑制作用的化疗药物治疗白血病和其他恶性肿瘤,使患者因血小板减少而引起出血。据报道,使用血小板输注,可使白血病患者因出血致死的数目减少一半。血小板的凝血动能血小板的凝血功能有三:第一,形成凝血血栓。当血管损伤时,堵塞在损伤部位的血栓,就是以血小板为核心的。但血小板必须具有生物学活性才有凝集能力。第二,有功能的血小板能修补毛细血管壁,从而阻止红细胞从毛细血管壁游出。第三,血小板含有第3因子。由于活的血小板才有第一、二种功能,因此采血后经过10天以上,或经特殊加工冰冻过的血小板就会因死亡而失去凝血的功能。实验还证明,由于血小板具有第二种功能,故常见到输注少量血小板后,虽然看不到 In recent years, often due to the use of chemotherapy drugs that have a strong inhibitory effect on bone marrow leukemia and other malignancies, so that patients with thrombocytopenia caused by bleeding. It has been reported that the use of platelet transfusions results in a 50% reduction in the number of leukemia patients who have died of bleeding. Thrombotic platelet thrombosis There are three coagulation functions: First, the formation of thrombus thrombosis. When the blood vessels are damaged, clogging the thrombus in the damaged area is the platelet as the core. However, platelets must have biological activity before they have the ability to agglutinate. Second, functional platelets repair the walls of the capillaries, preventing the red blood cells from migrating through the walls of the capillaries. Third, platelets contain factor 3. Because of the first and second functions of living platelets, platelets that have been frozen for more than 10 days after they have been harvested will lose blood clotting due to death. Experiments also show that, since platelets have a second function, it is common to see a small amount of platelet transfusions, although not seen
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