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我们在沙坡头地区进行了引种栽植试验,选择出抗逆性及适应性较强的优良固沙植物种,并运用电子显微镜及一些分析手段,研究它们的抗旱机理。据研究,在形态结构方面,旱生型肉质植物红砂、沙拐枣,叶表皮覆盖有蜡质且细胞壁和角质层较厚,气孔下陷。旱生型的柠条、猫头刺、叶形变小,叶表面被稠密的灰白色的绒毛所覆盖,借以掩盖气孔,减少蒸腾,使叶肉组织免于灼伤。在生理特性方面,这些旱生型植物细胞的原生质粘滞性较高,弹性强,透性大,抗脱水能力强,抗热性好,蒸腾强度小,过氧化氢酶的活性强,可溶性糖的含量高,束缚水含量多,束缚水与自由水的比值大等,从而构成耐干旱的特性。
We conducted the introduction and planting experiment in Shapotou region and selected excellent sand-fixing plant species with strong adaptability and adaptability. Using electron microscope and some analysis methods, we studied their drought-resistance mechanism. According to the research, in terms of morphological structure, the xerophytes, stems and jujube stems of the xerophytic succulent plants are covered with waxy and the cell wall and stratum corneum are thick and the stomata sink. Dry type of kakunodon, cat head thorns, leaves smaller, leaf surface is densely covered by white fluff, in order to cover stomatal, reduce transpiration, the mesophyll tissue from burns. In physiological characteristics, these xerophytic plant cells have high protoplasm viscosity, elasticity, permeability, resistance to dehydration, good heat resistance, low transpiration, high activity of catalase and soluble sugar High content of bound water content, irreducible water and free water ratio, which constitutes a drought-resistant properties.