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[目的]了解高血压患者的家庭环境状况及血压动态波动情况,以便寻找对策。[方法]2009年3月至2010年11月,在枣庄市18个社区卫生服务中心(站)抽取病历资料详尽完整且1～3个月内血压波动的1 833例高血压患者进行家庭一般情况、家庭生活周期、家庭功能、家庭结构、家庭资源、病人的行为等方面的调查。[结果]调查1 833例,男性970例,女性863例;年龄49.81±8.11岁;高血压分级为I级432例,Ⅱ级737例,Ⅲ级664例;患高血压15.17±1.67年;收缩压波动10～19、20～29、30～39、40～49、50～59、60～69、70～79、≥80 mmHg的分别占11.78%、22.09%、19.15%、14.73%、16.26%、8.40%、5.89%、1.47%,舒张压波动0、1～9、10～19、20～29、30～39、40～49 mmHg的分别占1.69%、13.58%、45.66%、32.41%、5.89%、0.76%。调查的438个家庭中,孩子离家创业期占38.13%,空巢期占44.98%,老年期占16.21%;家庭功能良好的占48.17%,轻中等功能障碍的占47.03%,严重功能障碍的占4.79%;核心家庭的占55.93%,扩展家庭占44.06%;家庭沟通良好的占31.74%,沟通不良的占50.46%,沟通障碍的占25.57%;家庭资源,调查438个家庭中,家庭成员为病人提供的钱物支持良好的占13.01%,中等的占40.64%;家庭参与对病人健康和精神维护、支持良好的占45.21%,中等的占40.64%;为病人提供和安排医疗照顾好的占71.00%;为患者提供医疗保健信息和健康教育的占71.23%。调查1 833例,参加新农合及医疗保险的占88.99%;喜欢高盐饮食的占66.99%,喜欢高糖饮食的占21.00%,喜欢高脂饮食的占53.85%,睡眠充足、质量好的占21.05%,吸烟者占44.03%,饮酒者占33.99%;完全遵医者占37.97%;存在个性问题的占3.87%,情绪不稳、易怒者占78.01%,情绪低落、抑郁者占10.97%。[结论]高血压患者血压波动较大,一定程度上受到家庭环境因素的不利影响。
[Objective] To understand the situation of family environment and fluctuation of blood pressure in hypertensive patients in order to find out the countermeasure. [Methods] From March 2009 to November 2010, 1833 community-based health service centers (stations) in Zaozhuang City were recruited to conduct a survey of 1833 hypertensive patients with complete and complete history of blood pressure fluctuations within 1 to 3 months. , Family life cycle, family function, family structure, family resources, patient behavior and other aspects of the investigation. [Results] A total of 1 833 cases were investigated, including 970 males and 863 females, aged 49.81 ± 8.11 years. Hypertension was classified as Grade I in 432 cases, Grade Ⅱ in 737 cases and Grade Ⅲ in 664 cases. Hypertension was observed in 15.17 ± 1.67 years. The fluctuation of pressure fluctuation was 11.78%, 22.09%, 19.15%, 14.73%, 16.26% respectively in the range of 10-19, 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, 60-69, 70-79, , 8.40%, 5.89% and 1.47% respectively. The fluctuations of diastolic blood pressure were 1.69%, 13.58%, 45.66% and 32.41% with the fluctuation of diastolic blood pressure ranging from 0,1 to 9,10 to 19,20 to 29,30 to 39,40 to 49 mmHg, 5.89%, 0.76%. Of the 438 households surveyed, children accounted for 38.13% of them left their homes for business, 44.98% of them were in an empty nest and 16.21% of their elderly. 48.17% were well-functioning families, 47.03% were those with mild to moderate dysfunction, Accounting for 4.79%; core families accounted for 55.93%, extended families accounted for 44.06%; family communication was good accounted for 31.74%, poor communication accounted for 50.46%, communication barriers accounted for 25.57%; family resources, survey 438 families, family members The amount of money provided to patients was good for 13.01% and moderate for 40.64%; family participation was good for 45.21% for patients and 40.64% for moderately involved patients; good medical care for patients Accounting for 71.00%; providing medical information and health education to patients accounted for 71.23%. Survey 1 833 cases, to participate in NRCMS and medical insurance accounted for 88.99%; like high salt diet accounted for 66.99%, like high sugar diet accounted for 21.00%, like high fat diet accounted for 53.85%, adequate sleep, good quality Accounted for 21.05%, smokers accounted for 44.03%, drinkers accounted for 33.99%; completely follow the doctor accounted for 37.97%; personality problems accounted for 3.87%, emotional instability, irritability accounted for 78.01%, depression, depression accounted for 10.97% . [Conclusion] The fluctuation of blood pressure in hypertensive patients is larger, to some extent, adversely affected by family environment factors.