关于肾脏和输尿管疾病的体外手术有几个名称:活体外手术(exvivo surgery),台式手术(bench sur-gery),工作台手术(workbench surgery)和离原位手术(ex situ surgery)。将罹病器官由其体内正常部位处取出作手术修补后再行植入,这样一种想法,Carrel在本世纪初已经开始进行研究。Carrel在移植领域里的重要供献之一,是提供了完善的血管吻合方法。以前,有些研究者曾试行肾脏和其它器官的自体移植, There are several names for in vitro surgery on kidney and ureter diseases: exvivo surgery, bench sur-gery, workbench surgery, and ex situ surgery. By the time the diseased organ was removed from its normal body for surgical repair and then implanted, the idea was that Carrel had started the research in the early 2000s. One of Carrel’s major contributions in the field of transplantation is to provide a complete vascular anastomosis. In the past, some researchers piloted the autologous transplantation of kidneys and other organs,