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本文提出了合理确定多年调节水库的防洪库容的方法。水工建筑物在抵抗洪水破环作用的可靠性方面的要求,可归结为对不同等级的水工建筑物,分别确定其在洪水作用下允许遭受破坏的频率。目前在设计水工建筑时,是根据设计(或校核)洪水频率的洪水,经过调洪计算,确定位于防洪水位以上的防洪库容值。这种办法,对年调节水库来说是合理的。但是对多年调节水库来说,由于多年调节水库中的多年库容亦能起拦蓄洪水的作用,而在目前所采用的办法中没有老虑到这一特点,所以所得结果就显得过份保守,水工建筑物的安全超过了与其级别相适应的程度,势必浪费国家的投资。本文提出了根据洪水资料和水库蓄水(或水位)保证率曲线,应用概率相加定理和概率相乘定理来合理确定多年调节水库的防洪库容的方法。在象我国这样的洪水大、洪水调节和枯水调节常有很大矛盾的条件下,应用本文所述的方法来确定防洪库容是有其现实意义的,特别是对于相对容积很大的水库。例如本文所举的三门峡水库的例子,防洪库容可从80亿公方减少到70亿公方,减少的10亿公方库容若用作发电,每年可为国家增加收入500万元左右。
This paper proposes a method to reasonably determine the flood control capacity of reservoirs for many years. The requirements of the reliability of hydraulic structures to resist the destructive effects of floods can be attributed to the different frequencies of hydraulic structures that are allowed to be damaged under flooding. At present, when designing hydraulic buildings, it is based on the design (or verification) of the flood frequency of floods. After the flood adjustment calculation, the flood protection capacity value above the flood control level is determined. This approach is reasonable for regulating the reservoir. However, for multi-year regulating reservoirs, because many years of adjustment of the reservoir capacity for many years can also act as a reservoir for flood storage, this feature has not been taken into account in the current methods adopted, so the results appear to be too conservative. The safety of industrial buildings exceeds the level of their grades and will certainly waste the country’s investment. This paper proposes a method to reasonably determine the flood storage capacity of reservoirs over many years based on the flood data and reservoir water storage (or water level) assurance rate curves and the probabilistic additive theorem and probabilistic multiplication theorem. Under conditions such as large floods, flood regulation and dry water regulation in our country, there are often significant contradictions. Applying the methods described in this paper to determine flood storage capacity is of practical significance, especially for reservoirs with large relative volumes. For example, in the case of Sanmenxia Reservoir cited in this article, the flood control storage capacity can be reduced from 8 billion to 7 billion public, and the reduced 1 billion public storage capacity, if used for power generation, can increase the country’s annual income by about 5 million yuan.