生态学这个科学术语,是19世纪后期开始出现的。它来源于希腊语中的OIKOS,其本义是家园或居住地,用以说明生物与其居住地的关系。到了20世纪30年代,正式建立起生态学说,即生物群落与其生活环境是密不可分的,任何一种生物与生活环境进行能量和物质交换,才能维持其生存和发展。这种生物与环境相互依存、相互制约的关系,被称作生态系统。 The scientific term of ecology began to emerge from the late 19th century. It comes from the Greek OIKOS, its original meaning is home or residence, to illustrate the biological and its place of residence. By the 1930s, the ecological theory was formally established, that is, the biome and its living environment are inextricably linked. Any kind of living and living environment can exchange energy and matter to maintain its existence and development. This biological and environmental interdependence, mutual restraint relationship, known as the ecosystem.