论文部分内容阅读
[主持人] Hi, 大家好! 我是 “实话实说”栏目的主持人,今天我们请来的嘉宾是Mr Have to,大家可以畅所欲言,与Mr Have to面对面交流一下。
[观众] 请问Mr Have to,你是情态动词还是行为(实义)动词?
[Mr Have to] 我的意思是“必须;不得不”,表示客观上必须要做的事,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语,因此,我和can,may,must等一样,都是情态动词类。例如:
There are no buses and I have to go home on foot.
没公共汽车了,我不得不步行回家。
[观众] 那你与can,may,must等情态动词相比,你有哪些特殊的地方呢?
[Mr Have to] 归结起来我有两大特点:
1.别的情态动词无人称和数的变化,可我have to有。在一般现在时的句子中,如果主语是第三人称单数,我就得变成has to,而其它人称做主语时,就用我have to了。例如:
Mother is ill and he has to look after her at home.
妈妈病了,他不得不在家照顾她。
They have to be there early.
他们得早点到那里。
You have to clean the classroom today.
今天你们必须打扫教室。
2.我的否定句和疑问句的句式也与其它情态动词有所不同。
① 否定句:是在“have to”前面加上助动词don’t ,doesn’t,didn’t, won’t,即“主语 + don’t / doesn’t /didn’t/ won’t+have to + 动词原形+...”。例如:
He doesn’t have to tell you the news.
他不必告诉你们那个消息。
Your uncle won’t have to do like this.
你叔叔将不必这样做。
② 一般疑问句:是在主语前加上助动词do, does, did, will,即“Do / Does/ Did/ Will + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 +...?”。肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + do / does/ did/ will”;否定回答用“No, 主语 +don’t / doesn’t/ didn’t/ won’t”。例如:
—Do you have to see him now?
—Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
——现在你必须去看望他吗?
——是的,我得去。/不,没必要。
③ 特殊疑问句:是由特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句构成,即“疑问词 + do / does/ did/ will + 主语 + have to +动词原形 +...?”。例如:
When do we have to leave?
我们得什么时候离开?
[观众] 是这样,不过,从含义来看,你倒有点像must,是这样吗?
[Mr Have to] 我和must都有“必须”的意思,但我强调的是客观上“不得不”做某事;而must指主观上“必须”做某事。例如:
We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.
我们必须保持教室整洁。
His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill.
他爷爷病了不得不卧床休息。
must没有人称和时态的变化,而我有时态和人称的变化。人称的变化前面我已提到,下面说说时态的变化:我的一般过去时的肯定式是had to,否定式是didn’t have to;一般将来时的肯定式是will have to,否定式是won’t have to。例如:
He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his bike.
他不得不步行去,因为他的自行车坏了。
She won’t have to do that again.
她不必重做那件事。
He must be off now.
他现在必须走了。
He told me that I must be at the station by ten.
他告诉我我必须在十点钟前抵达车站。
[主持人] 本期的“实话实说”节目到这儿就结束了,感谢大家对have to的关注。下面的练习让大家再去体会体会have to的用法。
[练习]
一、句型转换,每空一词。
1. You have to go there this evening. (改为一般疑问句)
_____ we / you _____ to go there this evening?
2. In those days, the workers had to work over 14 hours a day. (改为否定句)
In those days, the workers _____ _____ to work over 14 hours a day.
3. Sam has to stay in bed for a few days. (改为否定句)
Sam _____ _____ to stay in bed for a few days.
4. He had to work hard at English every day. (对画线部分提问)
_____ _____ he _____ to do every day?
二、根据汉语完成下列句子。
1. 你不必担心他。
2. 我们不得不不停地重复。
3. 明天早晨我得乘车回家。
Keys:
一、1. Do, have2. didn’t have 3. doesn’t have 4. What did, have
二、1. You don’t have to worry about him.2. We had to say it again and again.3. I will have to go home by bus tomorrow morning.
[观众] 请问Mr Have to,你是情态动词还是行为(实义)动词?
[Mr Have to] 我的意思是“必须;不得不”,表示客观上必须要做的事,必须与动词原形一起构成谓语,因此,我和can,may,must等一样,都是情态动词类。例如:
There are no buses and I have to go home on foot.
没公共汽车了,我不得不步行回家。
[观众] 那你与can,may,must等情态动词相比,你有哪些特殊的地方呢?
[Mr Have to] 归结起来我有两大特点:
1.别的情态动词无人称和数的变化,可我have to有。在一般现在时的句子中,如果主语是第三人称单数,我就得变成has to,而其它人称做主语时,就用我have to了。例如:
Mother is ill and he has to look after her at home.
妈妈病了,他不得不在家照顾她。
They have to be there early.
他们得早点到那里。
You have to clean the classroom today.
今天你们必须打扫教室。
2.我的否定句和疑问句的句式也与其它情态动词有所不同。
① 否定句:是在“have to”前面加上助动词don’t ,doesn’t,didn’t, won’t,即“主语 + don’t / doesn’t /didn’t/ won’t+have to + 动词原形+...”。例如:
He doesn’t have to tell you the news.
他不必告诉你们那个消息。
Your uncle won’t have to do like this.
你叔叔将不必这样做。
② 一般疑问句:是在主语前加上助动词do, does, did, will,即“Do / Does/ Did/ Will + 主语 + have to + 动词原形 +...?”。肯定回答用“Yes, 主语 + do / does/ did/ will”;否定回答用“No, 主语 +don’t / doesn’t/ didn’t/ won’t”。例如:
—Do you have to see him now?
—Yes, I do./ No, I don’t.
——现在你必须去看望他吗?
——是的,我得去。/不,没必要。
③ 特殊疑问句:是由特殊疑问词加上一般疑问句构成,即“疑问词 + do / does/ did/ will + 主语 + have to +动词原形 +...?”。例如:
When do we have to leave?
我们得什么时候离开?
[观众] 是这样,不过,从含义来看,你倒有点像must,是这样吗?
[Mr Have to] 我和must都有“必须”的意思,但我强调的是客观上“不得不”做某事;而must指主观上“必须”做某事。例如:
We must keep our classroom clean and tidy.
我们必须保持教室整洁。
His grandpa has to stay in bed because he is ill.
他爷爷病了不得不卧床休息。
must没有人称和时态的变化,而我有时态和人称的变化。人称的变化前面我已提到,下面说说时态的变化:我的一般过去时的肯定式是had to,否定式是didn’t have to;一般将来时的肯定式是will have to,否定式是won’t have to。例如:
He had to go on foot because there was something wrong with his bike.
他不得不步行去,因为他的自行车坏了。
She won’t have to do that again.
她不必重做那件事。
He must be off now.
他现在必须走了。
He told me that I must be at the station by ten.
他告诉我我必须在十点钟前抵达车站。
[主持人] 本期的“实话实说”节目到这儿就结束了,感谢大家对have to的关注。下面的练习让大家再去体会体会have to的用法。
[练习]
一、句型转换,每空一词。
1. You have to go there this evening. (改为一般疑问句)
_____ we / you _____ to go there this evening?
2. In those days, the workers had to work over 14 hours a day. (改为否定句)
In those days, the workers _____ _____ to work over 14 hours a day.
3. Sam has to stay in bed for a few days. (改为否定句)
Sam _____ _____ to stay in bed for a few days.
4. He had to work hard at English every day. (对画线部分提问)
_____ _____ he _____ to do every day?
二、根据汉语完成下列句子。
1. 你不必担心他。
2. 我们不得不不停地重复。
3. 明天早晨我得乘车回家。
Keys:
一、1. Do, have2. didn’t have 3. doesn’t have 4. What did, have
二、1. You don’t have to worry about him.2. We had to say it again and again.3. I will have to go home by bus tomorrow morning.