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细胞具有分化为成熟细胞的机能,目前可认为细胞的增殖分化是由所谓一群多肽或蛋白质的“细胞增殖分化因子”控制的。即细胞增殖分化因子作用于细胞时,细胞外的信号通过细胞膜特异受体的参与,转换成细胞内信号,再将其信号传递给细胞核,结果,最初发现的细胞分化必要的遗传因子,能够由细胞分化来完成。例如,在骨髓中被称为“多能性血液干细胞”,按照骨髓造血组织的微细环境和细胞增殖分化因子的信号使之成为某一类血液细胞的细胞群。总之,可认为血液细胞由这个多能性血液干细胞分化为成熟细胞的(图1)。
Cells have the ability to differentiate into mature cells, and it is presently believed that the proliferation and differentiation of cells are controlled by the so-called “cell proliferation and differentiation factor” of a group of polypeptides or proteins. That is, when a cell proliferation and differentiation factor acts on a cell, an extracellular signal is converted to an intracellular signal by signaling of a cell membrane-specific receptor and then its signal is transmitted to the nucleus. As a result, the originally found genetic factor necessary for cell differentiation can be expressed by Cell differentiation is done. For example, it is called “pluripotent hematopoietic stem cells” in the bone marrow and makes it a cell population of a certain type of blood cells according to the fine environment of bone marrow hematopoietic tissue and the signal of cell proliferation and differentiation factor. In summary, it is thought that blood cells differentiate into mature cells from this pluripotent blood stem cell (Figure 1).