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在阐释学、接受美学等现代哲学文化背景的影响下,20世纪西方现代小说产生明显的符号化趋势。这一趋势是通过符号与小说各要素之间的种种关系而实现的。其主要关系形态大致有三种:第一,意象与符号的互文关系;第二,故事与符号的象征关系;第三,语篇与符号的形式关系。符号化趋势表明西方现代小说在功能、模式及话语等各方面均发生了审美转向。本文以巴赫金、皮尔士、朗格等符号学大师的理论为学理依据,以卡夫卡、海明威、马尔克斯、卡尔维诺、萨里那斯、罗斯等多位现代小说家的文本为对象,论述了西方现代小说符号化的关系形态及审美转向问题。
Influenced by the modern philosophical and cultural backgrounds, such as hermeneutics and aesthetics of reception, western modern novels in the 20th century have obvious signs of symbolization. This trend is achieved through the various relationships between the symbols and the various elements of the novel. There are three main forms of its relations: first, the intertextual relationship between images and symbols; second, the symbolic relationship between stories and symbols; third, the formal relations between texts and symbols. The trend of symbolization shows that modern western novels have turned their aesthetic direction in the aspects of function, mode and discourse. Based on the theories of the semiotic masters such as Bakhtin, Peirce and Lange, this essay uses the texts of many modern novelists such as Kafka, Hemingway, Marquez, Calvino, Salinas and Rose as Object, discusses the symbolic relationship between modern Western novels and aesthetic changes.