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目的:了解东莞市部分镇区居民狂犬病暴露的流行特征和认知情况,为制定东莞市镇区狂犬病防治提供依据。方法:分析2012年1月-2014年12月在广东省东莞市高?医院急诊科就诊的7800例狂犬病暴露患者的问卷调查表。结果:狂犬病暴露人群中以15-44岁年龄段的人群居多,小学及以下文化层次的比例最高,夏季明显高于其他季节,暴露级别中以Ⅱ级居多,欠发达片区的居民发生人数明显高于其他片区;致伤动物以狗为主,尤其是家养狗;动物咬伤为主要致伤方式;居民对狂犬病的防治知识和发生暴露后正确处理的知晓率因文化层次不同而有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:应加强东莞市镇区居民对动物暴露后危害性的认知和正确处理方法的宣传与教育;加强猫、狗等动物的管控力度。
Objective: To understand the epidemiological characteristics and cognition of rabies exposure among residents in some townships in Dongguan City, and to provide evidence for the development of rabies prevention and control in downtown Dongguan. Methods: A questionnaire survey of 7800 rabies exposure patients from January 2012 to December 2014 in the emergency department of Dongguan Gaoheng Hospital was conducted. Results: The population of rabies exposed persons was mostly in the age group of 15-44 years old, with the highest proportion of primary and below education level, significantly higher in summer than in other seasons, Ⅱ in exposure level and more in less developed area In other areas, the animals were mainly dogs, especially domestic dogs. Animal bites were the main ways of injury. The residents’ knowledge of prevention and treatment of rabies and the correct handling after exposure were significantly different due to different cultural levels (P <0.05). Conclusion: The publicity and education should be strengthened for the residents of Dongguan urban area on the danger of exposure to animals after exposure to the animal and the correct treatment methods. The management and control of animals such as cats and dogs should be strengthened.