一、问题 自从初中物理课本上写了“一般说来,冬天比夏天气压高,晴天比阴天气压高”后,各种中学物理教学参考杂志上已先后登载了好几篇解释这一现象的文章,但是仔细查看后,不禁大失所望,对“晴天比阴天气压高”的解释几乎都是错的。具体说来,都犯了倒置因果之错。 也许是受解释“冬天比夏天气压高”的思维模式的影响,各文均试图解释“为什么天晴会导致气压高,天阴导致气压低?”即认为二者的因果关系是天气晴阴为因,气压高低为果,并在此“大胆的假设”下“小心地求证”起来。其推理如下:阴天空气中水气较多(湿度高),而水气的摩尔质量(18克/摩)比空气的平均摩尔质量 I. Problems Since the junior high school physics textbook wrote, “Generally speaking, winter has higher air pressure than summer, and sunny days have higher pressure than cloudy weather,” various high school physics teaching reference magazines have published several articles explaining this phenomenon. However, after careful inspection, they were disappointed, and they were almost always wrong in explaining the “higher weather than cloudy weather.” Specifically, they all made mistakes in inverting cause and effect. It may be explained by the influence of the thinking mode that “winter is higher than summer air pressure”. Each article tries to explain why “Tianqing leads to high air pressure, and Tianyin leads to low air pressure.” That is to say, the causal relationship between the two is because of the weather. Because of the high and low pressure, the result is “carefully verified” under this “bold hypothesis.” The reasoning is as follows: Cloudy air has more moisture (higher humidity), and moisture molar mass (18 g/mole) is higher than the average molar mass of air.