通过简要介绍二战后自然法学和实证主义法学的交锋,指出二者的共同缺点是绝对化,揭示德国基本权利制度的设定与二者的关系,以及基本权利如何克服此种绝对化思维。德国基本权利的相对化面向主要体现在对国家权力的约束和自身内涵的相对性两方面,法律的效力不再绝对,各种类基本权利也没有确定无疑的定义,而由联邦宪法法院在判决中发展。本文期望通过分析基本权利的相对化面向,展示其对宪法秩序安全的特殊作用。 By briefly introducing the confrontation between natural law and positivist jurisprudence after World War II, we point out that the common shortcomings of both are absoluteness, revealing the relationship between the setting of the basic rights system in Germany and the two, and how basic rights can overcome such absolute thinking. The relative orientation of basic rights in Germany is mainly reflected in the restraint of the state power and the relative content of its own connotation, the law is no longer an absolute force, the basic rights of all kinds are not definitively defined, but the Federal Constitutional Court in the judgment In the development. This article hopes to demonstrate its special role in the security of constitutional order by analyzing the relative orientation of basic rights.