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研究N、P、K不同施肥量及不同配比方式对瓜蒌产量的影响,为专用肥的研究奠定基础。采用“3414”肥效方案设计试验,测定每个施肥区组内瓜蒌产量,采用Excel 2010、SPSS 17.0进行数据处理,分别求其最大产量与相对应施肥量。结果,各施肥处理组均高于空白对照组,平均产量为26 446kg/hm~2,各处理组间变异系数为8.9%;采用一元二次肥料效应模型得出瓜蒌最佳施肥量配比为:N 183kg/hm~2、P 565kg/hm~2、K270kg/hm~2,此时瓜蒌产量范围为27 424~30 258kg/hm~2。在对“3414”施肥效应进行三元二次方程模拟研究存在拟合不典型的情况时,采用一元二次效应模型也能较好研究产量与施肥量之间的关系;通过对N、P、K作用效应分析,证明磷肥的作用效应最大,钾肥其次,氮肥最低;因此实际生产中应该增加P、K比例,减少N肥施用量,推荐施用比例为N∶P∶K=2∶6∶3。
The effects of different N, P and K fertilizers and different proportioning methods on the yield of melons and clams were studied, which laid the foundation for the research of special fertilizers. The experiment of “3414” fertilizer efficiency plan was adopted to determine the yield of melon in each fertilization zone. The data were processed by Excel 2010 and SPSS 17.0, and the maximum yield and the corresponding fertilization amount were respectively calculated. The results showed that the average fertilization rate was 26 446 kg / hm 2 and the coefficient of variation (CV) was 8.9% among all fertilization treatments. The results showed that the best fertilization rate The results are as follows: N 183kg / hm ~ 2, P 565kg / hm ~ 2, K270kg / hm ~ 2, the output range of this plant is 27 424 ~ 30 258kg / hm ~ 2. When applying the quadratic equation simulation of “3414” fertilization effect to the case of atypical fitting, the quadratic effect model can also well study the relationship between yield and fertilizer amount; P and K, it is proved that the effect of phosphate fertilizer is the largest, followed by potash fertilizer and nitrogen fertilizer is the lowest. Therefore, the P and K ratio should be increased and the N fertilizer application rate should be reduced in the actual production. The recommended ratio is N: P: K = 2: 6 : 3.