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混凝土的冻害是由冻融循环作用引起的。在施工后的硬化初期,当强度还很低时,在混凝土内部的孔隙中,含有尚未与水泥化合的自由水。在冰冻气温下,此自由水先在靠近混凝土表面较大的孔隙中开始冻结成冰,体积膨胀约9%,即对孔壁产生膨胀压力;同时,对于相连的孔隙的自由水产生水压,并向正在硬化中的孔壁施加水压力;这些压力,
Freeze damage of concrete is caused by freeze-thaw cycles. In the initial stage of hardening after construction, when the strength is still low, free water that has not been cemented with cement is contained in the pores in the concrete. At freezing temperatures, the free water begins to freeze into ice near the larger pores of the concrete surface, and the volumetric expansion is about 9%, that is, the expansion pressure is generated on the pore walls; at the same time, water pressure is generated for the free water in the connected pores, and Apply water pressure to the walls of the hole being hardened; these pressures,