论文部分内容阅读
近年来陕西中考英语阅读理解题一般是四篇短文,题量15个小题,分值25分。这类题型主要是考察学生通过阅读获取信息和处理信息的能力,以及分析问题和解决问题的能力。我在多年的教学时间中,总结出了这类题的解题方法和思路,在平时的教学和中考前的复习中不断地给学生传授和指导,使学生受益匪浅。现将方法总结如下:
首先,教师指导学生搞清楚此类题是在“阅读”的基础上“解题”的,因此答题的时候就要讲究“Five-Step”。
Step 1:先读问题,弄清考查要点
在阅读短文之前,学生应把试卷上问题细细看一遍,搞清楚考查要点,以便在下一步的阅读中做到心中有数,有的放矢。
Step 2:速读原文,了解大意
带着问题将原文一口气读完,了解文章大意,注意发现与问题有关的信息,在这一步里,除非是十分有把握的,可直接在文中找出答案,否则暂不忙于答题。这一步是“阅读”的关键,运用起来有一定难度,要在平时多加训练。
Step 3:细读原文,捕捉信息
这是“解题”的关键步骤,应特别注意以下几个方面的问题:1.文章的中心须抓住。2.文章线索来“辅助”。3.联系上下文及语法分析,体会生词、难句。4.如果是记述类文段,还要明了其“要素”,即时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果。5.挖掘文章的深层含义。
Step 4:根据题意,肯定答案
1.直接确定答案。对于所提问题可在短文中直接找到答案的,可采用这种方法。
2.通过归纳推理,确定答案。有些题的答案不能在原文中直接找出,需要考生在把握全文中心和线索的前提下进行概括、归纳、推理、乃至计算才能得出答案。
Step 5:复读全文,验证答案
在做完所有的题目之后,应对照答案复读全文,以取得最佳答案。
其次,还要注意以下方面:
1.阅读速度应放快,视域应放宽。
2.正确对待生词。在短文中,往往有些词或词语不给出注释,主要有三种情况:(1)人名、地名。(2)根据构词法而得出的另外一个词。(3)有的生词需要从上下文相关的信息或根据同位语、修饰语、或从本句前后判断词性、词义,也可从试题理解部分与原文对照猜测词义。
3.注意明确文中代词的指代关系。这对读懂短文有很大帮助。
4.注意试题部分的特殊疑问词。如:When,where,who ,what,which,why,how等,这些问题的答案往往从文中可以找到。
5.注意试题理解部分与原句的转化。如简单句与复合句的转化,名词与代词方面的转化,名词与动词方面的转化,形容词与副词方面的转化,有的是句子成分的转化,如形容词由作表语转化为作定语,有的是句型结构的转化,如普通的陈述句转化为感叹句等等。
下面我们就以2011年达州的一篇中考阅读理解试题为例:阅读短文,从个小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案:
Paris is the capital of France. Its subway is also very special. You can enjoy its culture when you are in this city. First you can see many people reading books in the subway. Whenever they are in the subway or at the station, there is always a book in the hand.
The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special facts. Some stations look like ships. Some stations have clothes, cups, and shoes. And every station has a big advertisement picture. But many of them are for selling clothes and cosmetics(化妆品).
You can meet some beggars(乞丐) in the subway. But the beggars in the Paris subway are also very special. They often play the violin or guitar in the train. They don’t feel shy at all. Instead they think it is natural. After playing, they will go around the train and ask you to give them money.
If you want to learn more about Paris, go to the subway and enjoy its culture by yourself.
(D)1. What do many people usually do when they are in the subway?
A. Listen to music.B. Beg some money.
C. Sell clothes and cosmetics.D. Read books.
(A)2. How do the beggars get money from people in the subway?
A. They often play the violin or guitar in the station.
B. They usually brush shoes for the passengers.
C. They often steal money from the shops.
D. They usually help the passengers carry suitcases.
(D)3. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Reading in the Paris subway.
B. The subway is a window of the Paris subway.
C. The beggars in the Paris subway usually have some skills.
D. Each of the subway station in Paris has its special facts.
本文主要谈论了法国巴黎的地铁文化,地铁站的特色,地铁里的主要人物乘客和乞丐事情。通过阅读考察学生对外国文化和地域特色的了解。
1. D 考察学生对细节理解。由第一自然段第四句 First you can see many people reading books in the subway.可知。
2. A 考察学生对细节理解。由第三自然段第三句 They often play the violin or guitar in the train.可知。
3. D 考察学生对文章主旨的理解。由第二自然段首句The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special facts. 可知。
总之,在平时的阅读训练中,要注意阅读各种题材和体裁的文章,如社会生活,人物故事,名人传记,人文地理,异国文化,自然科学,社会热点等,还要结合热门话题阅读一些有关文章,这样做就有助于提高自身的阅读水平。
首先,教师指导学生搞清楚此类题是在“阅读”的基础上“解题”的,因此答题的时候就要讲究“Five-Step”。
Step 1:先读问题,弄清考查要点
在阅读短文之前,学生应把试卷上问题细细看一遍,搞清楚考查要点,以便在下一步的阅读中做到心中有数,有的放矢。
Step 2:速读原文,了解大意
带着问题将原文一口气读完,了解文章大意,注意发现与问题有关的信息,在这一步里,除非是十分有把握的,可直接在文中找出答案,否则暂不忙于答题。这一步是“阅读”的关键,运用起来有一定难度,要在平时多加训练。
Step 3:细读原文,捕捉信息
这是“解题”的关键步骤,应特别注意以下几个方面的问题:1.文章的中心须抓住。2.文章线索来“辅助”。3.联系上下文及语法分析,体会生词、难句。4.如果是记述类文段,还要明了其“要素”,即时间、地点、人物、事情的起因、经过、结果。5.挖掘文章的深层含义。
Step 4:根据题意,肯定答案
1.直接确定答案。对于所提问题可在短文中直接找到答案的,可采用这种方法。
2.通过归纳推理,确定答案。有些题的答案不能在原文中直接找出,需要考生在把握全文中心和线索的前提下进行概括、归纳、推理、乃至计算才能得出答案。
Step 5:复读全文,验证答案
在做完所有的题目之后,应对照答案复读全文,以取得最佳答案。
其次,还要注意以下方面:
1.阅读速度应放快,视域应放宽。
2.正确对待生词。在短文中,往往有些词或词语不给出注释,主要有三种情况:(1)人名、地名。(2)根据构词法而得出的另外一个词。(3)有的生词需要从上下文相关的信息或根据同位语、修饰语、或从本句前后判断词性、词义,也可从试题理解部分与原文对照猜测词义。
3.注意明确文中代词的指代关系。这对读懂短文有很大帮助。
4.注意试题部分的特殊疑问词。如:When,where,who ,what,which,why,how等,这些问题的答案往往从文中可以找到。
5.注意试题理解部分与原句的转化。如简单句与复合句的转化,名词与代词方面的转化,名词与动词方面的转化,形容词与副词方面的转化,有的是句子成分的转化,如形容词由作表语转化为作定语,有的是句型结构的转化,如普通的陈述句转化为感叹句等等。
下面我们就以2011年达州的一篇中考阅读理解试题为例:阅读短文,从个小题所给的四个选项中选出能回答所提问题或完成所给句子的一个最佳答案:
Paris is the capital of France. Its subway is also very special. You can enjoy its culture when you are in this city. First you can see many people reading books in the subway. Whenever they are in the subway or at the station, there is always a book in the hand.
The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special facts. Some stations look like ships. Some stations have clothes, cups, and shoes. And every station has a big advertisement picture. But many of them are for selling clothes and cosmetics(化妆品).
You can meet some beggars(乞丐) in the subway. But the beggars in the Paris subway are also very special. They often play the violin or guitar in the train. They don’t feel shy at all. Instead they think it is natural. After playing, they will go around the train and ask you to give them money.
If you want to learn more about Paris, go to the subway and enjoy its culture by yourself.
(D)1. What do many people usually do when they are in the subway?
A. Listen to music.B. Beg some money.
C. Sell clothes and cosmetics.D. Read books.
(A)2. How do the beggars get money from people in the subway?
A. They often play the violin or guitar in the station.
B. They usually brush shoes for the passengers.
C. They often steal money from the shops.
D. They usually help the passengers carry suitcases.
(D)3. What’s the main idea of this passage?
A. Reading in the Paris subway.
B. The subway is a window of the Paris subway.
C. The beggars in the Paris subway usually have some skills.
D. Each of the subway station in Paris has its special facts.
本文主要谈论了法国巴黎的地铁文化,地铁站的特色,地铁里的主要人物乘客和乞丐事情。通过阅读考察学生对外国文化和地域特色的了解。
1. D 考察学生对细节理解。由第一自然段第四句 First you can see many people reading books in the subway.可知。
2. A 考察学生对细节理解。由第三自然段第三句 They often play the violin or guitar in the train.可知。
3. D 考察学生对文章主旨的理解。由第二自然段首句The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special facts. 可知。
总之,在平时的阅读训练中,要注意阅读各种题材和体裁的文章,如社会生活,人物故事,名人传记,人文地理,异国文化,自然科学,社会热点等,还要结合热门话题阅读一些有关文章,这样做就有助于提高自身的阅读水平。