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在短篇小说里,什么是应该剔除的“不是脸的地方”呢?契诃夫认为,首先应该剔除多余的人物。在一部短篇小说中,只要有一两个或三个人物处于注意的中心,其余的人物只好似天上的星星,作为点缀和陪衬。他说,在短篇小说中,人物众多,他们就会“挤集在一起,把读者的注意力分成一千份……,不能在读者的记忆里留下鲜明的印记”。在契诃夫的短篇小说里,处于注意中心的人物确实是不多的。无论是契洪特(契诃夫创作初期使用的笔名)的杰作《苦恼》、《万卡》,还是契诃夫的名篇《醋栗》、《姚内奇》、《未婚妻》,无一例外。
In the short story, what is the “place that is not a face” that should be removed? Chekhov believes that the extra characters should be removed first. In a short story, as long as one or two or three characters are at the center of attention, the rest of the characters are just like the stars in the sky, as embellishments and foils. He said that in short stories, there are many characters and they will “crowd together and divide the reader’s attention into one thousand...and cannot leave a vivid mark in the reader’s memory”. In Chekhov’s short stories, there are not many people who are at the center of attention. Whether it is the masterpieces of Chekhunt (pen name used by Chekhov in his early writing) “Distressed”, “Wanka”, or Chekhov’s famous novels “Gooseberry”, “Yao Neich”, and “Fiance”, none exception.