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规模经济理论是在资本主义社会化大生产的发展中应运而生的,马克思对此作过开创性的贡献。美国著名的经济学家萨缪尔逊也不得不承认:“卡尔·马克思在一世纪以前就强调这一点。”(萨缪尔逊:《经济学》上册第42页)以后,世界上许多经济学者也开始注意到,经济规模的选择对于经济效益关系重大,有人已经证明,资本主义历史上劳动生产率的大幅度增长,有一部分就是经济规模带来的。现在,规模经济已成为西方经济学说广泛采用的一个概念。但是我国这方面的研究还刚刚起步,我们应当加强对规模经济理论的研究,这对于社会主义政治经济学、生产力经济学和经济体制改革都是有益的。
The theory of economies of scale came into being in the development of the socialized mass production of capitalism, and Marx made a pioneering contribution to this. The famous American economist Samuelson also had to admit: “Karl Marx emphasized this one century ago.” (Samuelson: Economics, volume 42, p. 42) Many of the world’s economies Scholars have also begun to notice that the choice of economic scale has a great bearing on economic benefits. It has been shown that the substantial increase in labor productivity in the history of capitalism is partly due to the size of the economy. Now, economies of scale have become a widely adopted concept in Western economics. However, our country’s research in this area has just started. We should strengthen the study of the theory of economies of scale, which is beneficial to socialist political economy, productivity economics and economic system reform.