二次大战前:发达国家悲观主义和不发达国家乐观主义在对从李嘉图到凯恩斯的经济思想大转变进行考察时,如果我们将注意力集中在经济思想家们对已发达国家和未发达国家各自前景的一般态度上,那么,我们将有令人相当惊讶的发现:尽管他们之间经济思想差异非常大,尽管他们之间兴趣颇不相同,背景和经验也很不一致,但看来他们都同意,已发达国家的经济生长免不了马上就要遭到某种困难;或者说,快要到顶了。他们提出的理由各不相同,就象我们可以根据他们一般 Before World War II: Pessimism in Underdeveloped Countries and Optimism in Underdeveloped Countries When examining the dramatic shift in economic thinking from Ricardo to Keynes, if we focus our attention on the respective prospects of economic thinkers toward developed and underdeveloped countries Then we will have the quite surprising finding that despite the very different economic thinking between them and despite their different interests and backgrounds and experience, they all seem to agree, The economic growth of developed countries will inevitably come under some difficulties; or, soon to come. The reasons they put forward are different, just as we can according to them