外伤可导致膀胱的损伤甚至摘除,部分先天异常的儿童,如膀胱外翻、脊髓脊膜膨出或者尿道瓣膜发育延迟患儿,会出现高压、高渗、低顺应性膀胱。这些患者在药物治疗无效后常需要膀胱成形术,因此器官修复或移植势在必行。胃肠道常常作为膀胱成形术中的供体组织。但是,当这种组织被植入泌尿系统,多种并发症也会随之而来,许多研究者又陆续采用了不同的方式、材料及组织,移植或修复膀胱。其中许多游离组织以 Trauma can lead to bladder injury or even removal. Some children with congenital abnormalities, such as bladder eversion, spinal meningocele, or delayed development of the urethral valve, develop high pressure, hypertonic, and low compliance bladder. These patients often require cystoplasty after drug treatment is ineffective, so organ repair or transplantation is imperative. The gastrointestinal tract is often used as donor tissue in cystoplasty. However, when such tissues are implanted in the urinary system, a variety of complications will follow. Many researchers successively adopt different ways, materials and tissues to transplant or repair the bladder. Many of them are free tissues