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文章从汉语“通语音-方言音”的双系统接触角度出发,提出语码转化时需要遵循的“语素透明度”原则。通语音借助汉字对方言音产生渗透,如果语素的透明度较高,则能较为顺利地进行从通语音到方言音的转化,产生“折合”变式;如果语素的透明度较低,则通语音无法转化为方言音,该语素依然保留本方言原有的读音。文章利用上海市区方言社会语言学的调查数据和晋江闽语文白竞争的案例来说明该原则,并以此来分析汉语方言叠置式音变的微观路径。
From the perspective of dual system contact of Chinese “Tongyin dialect tone”, the article puts forward the principle of “Morpheme transparency ” which should be followed in code conversion. If the transparency of the morpheme is higher, Tonghua will be able to smoothly convert from Tongyin to dialect tone, resulting in “equivalent ” variation; if the transparency of the morpheme is low, Voice can not be converted to dialect sound, the morpheme still retain the original pronunciation of this dialect. This article uses the survey data of social linguistics in urban dialects of Shanghai and the cases of competitions in the Min language of Jin and Min dynasties in Jinjiang to illustrate the principle and to analyze the microcosmic path of the superimposed sound changes in Chinese dialects.