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法国经济学家皮凯蒂所著《21世纪资本论》对资本主义制度进行了深入的反思,但其在根本上与马克思相对立。马克思认为一般利润率具有下降的趋势并最终导致资本主义生产崩溃,皮凯蒂则认为资本收益率稳定高于经济增长率才是资本主义制度的核心矛盾。二者经济观点的对立是因为他们选取不同的经济学模型;两种模型又分别是以劳动价值论和要素价值论为理论基础的;其哲学前提上的不同则在于,马克思使用了从抽象到具体的研究方法,而皮凯蒂则选择了相反的方法;最终二者在政治结论上也存在冲突,马克思认为资本主义制度的矛盾不可调和,最终必然由新的社会形态所取代,皮凯蒂则认为可以通过征收资本税来维护平等、避免危机。在《21世纪资本论》风靡全球之时重读《资本论》,使人们在面对资本主义制度时多一些思考,多一种选择。
The “21st Century Capital Theory” written by the French economist Picayti thoroughly introspects the capitalist system, but it is essentially opposed to Marxism. Marx believes that the general profit rate has a downward trend and eventually leads to the collapse of capitalist production. However, Picatty thinks that the steady return on capital over the economic growth rate is the core contradiction of the capitalist system. The antinomy of the two views of the economy is that they choose different economic models; the two models are based on the labor theory of value and the theory of elements of value respectively; the difference in their philosophical prerequisites lies in the fact that Marx has used from abstract to But Picketi chose the opposite way. In the end, the two also had conflicts in the political conclusion. Marx believed that the contradiction of the capitalist system was irreconcilable and would eventually be replaced by the new social formation. We think that we can protect the equality and avoid the crisis by levying the capital tax. In “Capitalism in the 21st Century” swept the world, reread “capital theory” so that people in the face of capitalism more thought, more choice.