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氮肥的不合理施用导致氮肥利用率低下,大量氮素通过径流、淋溶、氨挥发、硝化-反硝化作用等途径损失到环境中,从而对水体、大气造成污染,带来严重的环境问题,影响人类健康.施氮量、施肥时间和方式,以及肥料种类对氮素流失量的影响显著.土壤氮素浓度过饱和是导致氮素大量流失的最根本原因,充分利用环境供氮量,减少化学氮肥施用量,采用深施等技术,以及配合施用有机肥,可以有效降低氮素的损失,提高氮素利用率.在开发应用新型高效氮肥和强化氮肥高效管理技术研究的同时,加强环境氮素的监测和利用力度,是实现减氮增效的有力手段.
Unreasonable application of nitrogen fertilizer leads to low utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer. A large amount of nitrogen is lost to the environment through runoff, leaching, ammonia volatilization, nitrification-denitrification and other ways, causing pollution to water body and atmosphere, causing serious environmental problems, Affecting the human health.The effects of nitrogen application, time and mode of fertilization, and fertilizer types on the nitrogen loss were significant.The supersaturation of soil nitrogen concentration is the most fundamental reason leading to a large amount of nitrogen loss, and make full use of environmental nitrogen supply and reduce The application of chemical nitrogen fertilizer, deep application of other technologies and the application of organic fertilizers can effectively reduce the loss of nitrogen and increase the nitrogen utilization efficiency. While developing and applying new efficient nitrogen fertilization and nitrogen fertilizer efficient management techniques, the environmental nitrogen Vegetation monitoring and utilization is a powerful tool for reducing nitrogen and increasing efficiency.