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[目的]了解美沙酮维持治疗与艾滋病自愿咨询检测对注射吸毒者共针行为和不保护性性行为的影响。[方法]2006～2008年,在四川省凉山彝族自治州、攀枝花市,对2530名注射吸毒者进行调查,采用多因素非条件Logistic回归分析共针行为和不保护性性行为的影响因素。[结果]合计调查2530人,47.75%曾与同伴共针。与固定性伴、临时性伴、商业性行为安全套使用率,上次性行为时分别为18.40%、26.64%、43.91%,过去1年内总是使用率分别为5.90%、10.47%、20.17%。多因素非条件Logistic回归分析结果,仅接受美沙酮维持治疗(OR=0.41)和同时接受2种干预(OR=0.31)为减少共针行为的因素,也是减少不保护性性行为的因素(OR=0.32、0.31)。此外,少数民族、文化程度低、性伴吸毒是增加共针行为的因素,少数民族、男性、凉山州是增加不保护性性行为的因素。[结论]仅接受美沙酮维持治疗和同时再接受艾滋病自愿咨询检测均可能减少注射吸毒者的共用针具行为和不保护性性行为。
[Objective] To understand the impact of methadone maintenance treatment and HIV voluntary counseling and testing on cohabitation and unprotected sex behavior among injecting drug users. [Methods] From 2006 to 2008, 2530 injecting drug abusers were investigated in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture of Sichuan Province and Panzhihua City, and the influencing factors of acupuncture behavior and unprotected sex behavior were analyzed by multivariate non-conditional Logistic regression. [Results] A total of 2530 people surveyed, 47.75% had a common needle with peers. And fixed sexual partners, temporary partners, commercial sex condom use rates, the last sexual behavior were 18.40%, 26.64%, 43.91%, the last year, the total use rate was 5.90%, 10.47%, 20.17%. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that only methadone maintenance treatment (OR = 0.41) and two interventions (OR = 0.31) were the factors to reduce the acupuncture, and also the factors to reduce the unprotected sexual behavior (OR = 0.32, 0.31). In addition, ethnic minorities, people with low education level and sexual partners drug use are the factors that increase the acupuncture. Ethnic minorities, men and Liangshan Prefecture are the factors that increase the unprotected sex. [Conclusions] Accepting only methadone maintenance treatment and receptive AIDS voluntary counseling and testing at the same time may reduce the shared needling behaviors and unprotected sex behaviors of injecting drug users.