以牛痘病毒制成的天花疫苗是个高效的免疫剂。虽然在1980年,WHO就宣布已经没有自然发病的天花,其免疫程序已逐渐被取消,但对于那些接触有潜在感染性的牛痘病毒或其他能感染人类的正痘病毒属的特殊人群仍建议种痘。痘苗被认为是安全的,但能产生温和的到中等的牛痘病损,并且能被传播给密切接触者。意外感染也有被报告。本文 Smallpox vaccine made with vaccinia virus is an efficient immunizing agent. Although the WHO announced in 1980 that there have been no natural smallpox immunization programs, the immunization schedule has been gradually phased out, but special vaccination against vaccinia virus or other orthopoxvirus capable of infecting humans is still recommended . Vaccinia is considered safe but produces moderate to moderate vaccinia lesions and is transmitted to close contacts. Accidental infections have also been reported. This article