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机构会话,如医患对话、法庭交叉讯问、新闻采访等,因其突显的话语结构特别是问答序列,往往被认为存在明显的权力关系;而发生在家庭成员间的家庭会话被西方许多学者如Drew和Heritage(1992)、Levinson(1983)等认为不存在权力关系,因为会话参与者之间具有平等关系。本文以所收集的两个中国家庭的日常会话为语料,通过考察语料中参与者的话轮数量、话语字数、问句数量、问句类型及其语用功能,不仅发现家庭会话中的问句是实施权力的一种重要方式,而且中国家庭会话中问句实施权力具有鲜明的特点。本文的研究发现将有助于人们认识中国家庭会话的一些普遍特征。
Institutional conversations, such as doctor-patient dialogue, court cross-examination, news gathering, etc., are often considered to have obvious power relations because of their prominent discourse structure, especially the question-answer sequence. Family conversations that occur among family members have been criticized by many Western scholars Drew and Heritage (1992) and Levinson (1983) consider that there is no power relationship because there is an equal relationship between the conversational participants. In this paper, the daily conversations of two Chinese families collected are taken as the corpus. By investigating the number of turn-taking, the number of words, the number of questions, the types of questions and the pragmatic functions of the participants in the corpus, we not only find out that the questions in the family conversation are An important way to implement the power, and the power to implement the question in Chinese family conversation has distinct characteristics. The findings of this article will help people to understand some of the common features of Chinese family conversation.