从很早的时代起,中西文化就开始有了交往.在古代,中西文化最大的一次交流,即发生于16世纪末至18世纪初的“西学东渐”.此间欧洲的耶稣会士将西方的数学、历法、地理、水利、军火制造等科技知识和宗教思想带入中国.这些科技知识,特别是近代的思想观念,大开了中国人的眼界.但令人遗憾的是,由于中国封建政治造成的桎梏,“西学东渐”的过程在明末清初进展缓慢.清朝康熙末年,中西文化发生了激烈的冲突,出现了“礼仪之争”.特别是到了雍正皇帝颁布《圣谕广训》后,随着耶稣会士被逐出国门,中西文化交流便全然中断了.直到一百多年后鸦片战争爆发,随着中国紧闭的国门被西方列强的舰炮打开.“西学”才重新进入中国,开始了中国近代前期(即19世纪中叶至20世纪初期)历史上空前规模的中西文化的交流. From ancient times, Chinese and Western cultures began to have contacts .In ancient times, the largest exchange of Chinese and Western cultures occurred in the late 16th century and early 18th century, when the Jesuits in Europe sent Western Science and technology, mathematics, calendar, geography, water conservancy, arms manufacturing and other scientific and religious ideas into China, these scientific and technological knowledge, especially the modern concept of ideas, opened the eyes of Chinese people, but it is regrettable that, as China’s feudal political The process of “Eastward Development of Western Learning” progressed slowly in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, there was a fierce conflict between Chinese and Western cultures and a “battle of ceremonies” occurred during the late Kangxi period in the Qing Dynasty, especially when the Emperor Yongzheng promulgated the " After the Jesuits were expelled from the country, the exchange of Chinese and Western cultures was totally interrupted, until the Opium War broke out more than a hundred years later, when the tightly-knit state of China was opened by naval ships by Western powers. Re-entering China began the unprecedented exchange of Chinese and Western cultures in the history of early modern China (from the mid-19th century to the early 20th century).