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世界性的能源危机以及国內能源供应紧张在今后十年里仍将继续。研究机械工业自身的节能途径时,铸造部门是一个大户头,在我国,它的能耗約占机械工业总能耗的35％。1980年,我国铸件平均綜合单位能耗約为650公斤标煤/吨铸件*~1,相近时期,一些工业先进国家的铸件平均綜合单位能耗則为360～400公斤标煤/吨铸件。我国铸件綜合单位能耗高的主要原因是:生产結构不合理,能源利用率低,大部份铸造工厂的热效率在15～25％之間;工艺落后,設备陈旧,全国铸件平均废品率高达13％左右;管理工作跟不上,能源浪費大,主要燃料及动力浪費达20％;焦炭質量差,全国平均供应指标*~2仅2～4∶1;电力等能源轉換設备效率比国外低20％左右。針对铸件能耗分析,可以釆取各种节能措施,但重点应該是从調整生产結构、加强能源管理入手,不断改进工艺流程及設备,大力研究和推行铸造余热的利用,在企业調整整頓中逐步提高铸造生产的专业化程度。予期在今后十年里,我国铸件綜合单位能耗可望从1980年的650公斤标煤/吨铸件下降到430公斤标吨/吨铸件,即以每年4％的节能速率递減;同期,若我国铸件年产量从1980年的500万吨开始,按每年3.5％的速率递增,到1990年,产量达705万吨吋,則可实现铸造生产实际能耗的零增长,今后,铸造工厂用于环境及污染控制方面的能耗将逐年会有所上升。衡量一个铸造厂的水平,不再只着眼于全员劳动生产率指标和废品率,节能和环境保护也将是反映一个铸造工厂好坏的重要标誌之一。
The worldwide energy crisis and the domestic energy shortage will continue in the next decade. When studying the energy-saving way of the machinery industry itself, the foundry department is a big household. In China, its energy consumption accounts for about 35% of the total energy consumption of the machinery industry. In 1980, the average unit energy consumption of China’s castings was about 650 kg of standard coal / ton of castings * ~ 1. In the similar period, the average consolidated unit energy consumption of some advanced industrial countries was 360-400 kg of standard coal / ton of castings. The main reason for the high energy consumption of China’s integrated casting unit is: unreasonable production structure, low energy efficiency, most of the foundry thermal efficiency of 15 to 25%; backward technology, equipment obsolescence, the national average rejection rate of castings up to About 13%; management can not keep up, energy waste, the main fuel and power waste up to 20%; coke quality is poor, the national average supply index * ~ 2 only 2 ~ 4: 1; power and other energy conversion equipment more efficient than foreign About 20% lower. For energy analysis of castings, various energy-saving measures can be taken, but the emphasis should be on adjusting production structure, strengthening energy management, improving process and equipment, vigorously studying and implementing the utilization of foundry waste heat, The rectification will gradually increase the specialization of foundry production. Expected in the next decade, China’s comprehensive unit of casting energy consumption is expected to drop from 650 kg of standard coal / ton castings in 1980 to 430 kg standard tons / ton of castings, that is, an annual energy saving rate of 4% decline; the same period, if China’s annual production of castings from 5 million tons in 1980, at an annual rate of 3.5% increase by 1990, the output reached 7.05 million tons inch, you can achieve real growth in casting production of zero growth in the future, the foundry for the environment And energy consumption in pollution control will increase year by year. Measuring the level of a foundry, instead of focusing solely on full-scale labor productivity indicators and reject rates, energy conservation and environmental protection will also be important hallmarks of a foundry.