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社会保障制度是工业革命和社会化大生产的产物,经过100多年的发展,社会保障已经形成了一个相对独立、完整的体系,成为市场经济的重要支柱和社会进步的重要指标。社会保障是国家进行收入再分配的公共政策,具有保障公民基本生活、维护社会稳定、促进经济发展、保持社会公平和增进国民福利等功能。当今社会,无论在发达国家还是在发展中国家,社会保障都是一项为人们所普遍接受的最为重要的社会经济制度。这项制度影响民心向背、社会稳定甚至政权更迭。全球170多个国家都在不同程度上建立了社会保障制度。
After more than 100 years of development, social security has formed a relatively independent and complete system, becoming an important pillar of the market economy and an important indicator of social progress. The social security system is the product of the industrial revolution and the socialization of large-scale production. Social security is a public policy of state redistribution of income. It has the functions of guaranteeing citizens’ basic life, maintaining social stability, promoting economic development, maintaining social equity and promoting national welfare. In today’s society, social security is the most important socio-economic system that is universally accepted in both developed and developing countries. This system affects the people’s heart and mind, social stability and even regime changes. More than 170 countries around the world have established social security systems to varying degrees.