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本文根据抗真菌药物的药理学,概要地叙述真菌感染的处理以及最近的治疗方法。药理学两性霉素B和制霉菌素多烯类抗生素能同细胞膜的类固醇相结合,导致细胞膜通透性增高、细胞内容物外漏,最终致真菌死亡。有效的抗真菌抗生素优先同真菌细胞壁的主要固醇——麦角固醇结合。抗生素与组成哺乳动物细胞膜的固醇具亲和力者则毒性太大,不能应用。注射用两性霉素B静脉给药后,有95%同血清蛋白结合,然后很快进入组织。胆汁或尿中含量很少。两性霉素B很难透入正常体液,尤其是脑脊液。制霉菌素胃肠外应用毒性太大,口服或局部使用不能很好吸收。
Based on the pharmacology of antifungal agents, this article provides an overview of fungal infection management and recent treatments. Pharmacology Amphotericin B and nystatin polyene antibiotics combined with the cell membrane steroid, resulting in increased cell membrane permeability, cell content leakage, the final cause of fungal death. Effective antifungal antibiotics bind preferentially to the major sterol-ergosterol in the fungal cell wall. Antibiotics and steroids that make up mammalian cell membranes have an affinity that is too toxic to apply. After intravenous injection of amphotericin B, 95% bind to the serum protein and then enter the tissue quickly. Bile or urine content is very small. Amphotericin B is difficult to penetrate into normal body fluids, especially cerebrospinal fluid. Nystatin parenteral toxicity is too large, oral or topical use can not be well absorbed.