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半个世纪以来,随着医学发展和科技进步,人们采用的节育方法主要用于女性,如宫内节育器(IUD)、左炔诺酮皮下埋植剂、口服避孕药、长效注射避孕针等,而男性节育方法的研究进展相对较慢,应用于实际的节育方法仅有避孕套、输精管结扎术和性交中断(体外排精)法。因此需要开发出安全、有效、可逆性的男性节育方法,为男性提供多选的避孕技术和产品。可喜的是,由于多学科的参与,男性节育方法在近20年中有了长足进步。本文将对输精管结扎术和输精管内节育器、避孕套、避孕药等男性节育方法近年来的研究进展作一综述。
For half a century, with the development of medicine and the progress of science and technology, the methods of birth control adopted by women are mainly used in women such as IUD, levonorgestrel subcutaneous implants, oral contraceptives, long-acting injection contraceptives However, the research on male birth control methods is relatively slow. Only the condom, vasectomy and intercourse interruption (in vitro ejaculation) are applied to the actual birth control methods. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a safe, effective and reversible male birth control method to provide men with multiple choice of contraceptive techniques and products. The good news is that due to multi-disciplinary participation, male birth control methods have made great strides in the last 20 years. This article reviews the research progress of male birth control methods such as vasectomy and vas deferens, condoms and contraceptives in recent years.