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目的探讨黄冈市病毒性肝炎流行特征,为制定肝炎防制策略提供科学依据。方法采用描述流行病学分析方法,对黄冈市2005-2013年间86 365例病毒性肝炎病例进行分析,率的比较采用卡方检验。结果 2005-2013年黄冈市病毒性肝炎年均发病率142.5/10万,以乙肝报告病例最多,占92.07%,甲肝和未分型肝炎发病率呈现逐渐下降的趋势,丙肝和戊肝呈现逐渐上升的趋势;甲肝、乙肝和戊肝男性发病率高于女性发病率(χ~2甲肝=27.44,P=0.00;χ~2乙肝=280.2,P=0.00;χ~2戊肝=36.81,P=0.00);15岁以下乙肝发病的比例在2005-2013年间呈逐渐降低的趋势,乙肝病例中以农民为主,而且农民乙肝发病数除了2009和2010年之外呈现一个明显上升的趋势;学生乙肝发病数逐年稳步下降。结论病毒性肝炎的防治应以乙肝防治为重点,在抓好新生儿、儿童乙肝疫苗、甲肝疫苗免疫接种工作的基础上,应继续扩大疫苗免疫范围,同时高度重视丙肝好戊肝的预防。
Objective To explore the epidemiological characteristics of viral hepatitis in Huanggang and provide a scientific basis for the development of hepatitis prevention and control strategies. Methods A descriptive epidemiological analysis was used to analyze 86 365 cases of viral hepatitis between 2005 and 2013 in Huanggang City. The rates were compared by the chi-square test. Results The annual average incidence of viral hepatitis in Huanggang City from 2005 to 2013 was 142.5 / 100,000, with the highest reported cases of hepatitis B, accounting for 92.07%. The incidence of hepatitis A and non-segregating hepatitis showed a gradual downward trend. The hepatitis C and hepatitis E showed a gradual increase The incidence of hepatitis A, hepatitis B and hepatitis E in males was higher than that of females (χ ~ 2 = 27.44, P = 0.00; χ ~ 2 = 280.2, P = 0.00; 0.00). The proportion of hepatitis B patients under 15 years of age decreased gradually from 2005 to 2013, mainly among peasants in hepatitis B cases, and the incidence of hepatitis B among peasants showed a clear upward trend except from 2009 and 2010. Student’s hepatitis B The incidence decreased steadily year by year. Conclusion The prevention and treatment of viral hepatitis should focus on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B. On the basis of grasping the immunization of hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis A vaccine in neonates and children, we should continue to expand the scope of vaccine immunization and at the same time attach great importance to the prevention of hepatitis E and hepatitis E.